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- interaction with land surface
moisture, dust creation, lakes
- initiation of convection
What interactions occur between the African boundary layer and upper level circulation and convective disturbances, in respect of:
- development of deep organised and sustained
convection
- dynamical instabilities and wave trains
- impact of convection and disturbances
on large scale flow, eg. momentum balances
- consequences of change in large scale
flow arriving in Africa
How does the intra-seasonal variability contribute to lower frequency fluctuations in respect of:
- basic state and seasonality in Africa
- external sources versus internally
generated dynamics
Is
there sufficient knowledge of the annual cycle in respect of
- onset and evolution of rainy season
- water vapor sinks and sources
- role of heating over deserts
- synoptic interpretation from local
knowledge
What are the most significant tropical - extratropical interactions in respect of:
- interannual climate variability
- tropical convection influence on sub-
and extra- tropics
- subtropical / midlatitude jets, interaction
with tropical convection
To what extent do interannual and decadal variability contribute to:
- climatic change generated by atmosphere-land
interactions
- aerosol and vegetation changes and
consequences for rain-producing weather and surface moisture availability
What dynamical teleconnections and processes affect daily convection anomalies and intraseasonal ‘bursts’?
Why are seasonal climate anomalies over
Africa often incoherent in space/time, and what processes are systematic
(eg. topography) vs random and chaotic?